Psychological Effects of Orphanhood

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Nelson, C. A., Fox, N. A., & Zeanah, C. H. (2014). Romania’s abandoned children: Deprivation, brain development, and the struggle for recovery. Harvard University Press.
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Betancourt, T. S., Newnham, E. A., Brennan, R. T., Verdeli, H., Borisova, I., Neugebauer, R., Bass, J., … Bolton, P. (December 01, 2012). Moderators of Treatment Effectiveness for War-Affected Youth With Depression in Northern Uganda. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51, 6, 544-550.
Betancourt, T. S., Newnham, E. A., Layne, C. M., Kim, S., Steinberg, A. M., Ellis, H., & Birman, D. (January 01, 2012). Trauma history and psychopathology in war-affected refugee children referred for trauma-related mental health services in the United States. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25, 6, 682-90.
Betancourt, T. S., Borisova, I., Williams, T. P., Meyers-Ohki, S. E., Rubin-Smith, J. E., Annan, J., & Kohrt, B. A. (January 01, 2013). Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers–systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines,54, 1, 17-36.
Betancourt, T., Scorza, P., Meyers-Ohki, S., Mushashi, C., Kayiteshonga, Y., Binagwaho, A., Stulac, S., … Beardslee, W. R. (January 01, 2012). Validating the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children in Rwanda. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51, 12, 1284-92.
Betancourt, T. S., Yudron, M., Wheaton, W., & Smith-Fawzi, M. C. (January 01, 2012). Caregiver and adolescent mental health in Ethiopian Kunama refugees participating in an emergency education program. The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 51, 4, 357-65.
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Cluver, L. D., Orkin, M., Boyes, M. E., Gardner, F., & Nikelo, J. (January 01, 2012). AIDS-orphanhood and caregiver HIV/AIDS sickness status: effects on psychological symptoms in South African youth. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 37, 8, 857-67.
Cluver, L. D., Orkin, M., Gardner, F., & Boyes, M. E. (January 01, 2012). Persisting mental health problems among AIDS-orphaned children in South Africa. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 53, 4, 363-70.
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Murray, L. K., Singh, N. S., Surkan, P. J., Semrau, K., Bass, J., & Bolton, P. (January 01, 2012). A qualitative study of georgian youth who are on the street or institutionalized. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2012.
Cluver, L. D., Orkin, M., Gardner, F., & Boyes, M. E. (January 01, 2012). Persisting mental health problems among AIDS-orphaned children in South Africa. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 53, 4, 363-70.
McLaughlin, K. A., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., & Nelson, C. A. (January 01, 2012). Attachment security as a mechanism linking foster care placement to improved mental health outcomes in previously institutionalized children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 1.
Smyke, A. T., Zeanah, C. H., Gleason, M. M., Drury, S. S., Fox, N. A., Nelson, C. A., & Guthrie, D. (January 01, 2012). A randomized controlled trial comparing foster care and institutional care for children with signs of reactive attachment disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 5, 508-14.
Crockenberg, S. C., Collins, W. A., & St. Petersburg-USA Orphanage Research Team. (2008). The Effects of early social-emotional and relationship experience on the development of young orphanage children. Boston, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell.
Gleason, M. M., Fox, N. A., Drury, S., Smyke, A., Egger, H. L., Nelson, C. A., Gregas, M. C., … Zeanah, C. H. (January 01, 2011). Validity of Evidence-Derived Criteria for Reactive Attachment Disorder: Indiscriminately Social/Disinhibited and Emotionally Withdrawn/Inhibited Types. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 3, 216.
Fox, N. A., Almas, A. N., Degnan, K. A., Nelson, C. A., & Zeanah, C. H. (January 01, 2011). The effects of severe psychosocial deprivation and foster care intervention on cognitive development at 8 years of age: findings from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 52, 9, 919-28.
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McLaughlin, K. A., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., Sheridan, M. A., Marshall, P., Nelson, C. A., & Rare Gene Variants in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. (August 15, 2010). Delayed Maturation in Brain Electrical Activity Partially Explains the Association Between Early Environmental Deprivation and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Biological Psychiatry, 68, 4, 329-336.
Zeanah, C. H., Egger, H. L., Smyke, A. T., Nelson, C. A., Fox, N. A., Marshall, P. J., & Guthrie, D. (January 01, 2009). Institutional rearing and psychiatric disorders in Romanian preschool children. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 7, 777-85.
Bos, Karen J., Fox, Nathan, Zeanah, Charles H., & Nelson III, Charles A. (2009). Effects of Early Psychosocial Deprivation on the Development of Memory and Executive Function. Frontiers Research Foundation.
Nelson, C. A. ., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., Marshall, P. J., Smyke, A. T., & Guthrie, D. (January 01, 2007). Cognitive recovery in socially deprived young children: the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Science (new York, N.y.), 318, 5858, 1937-40.
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Zeanah, C. H., Nelson, C. A., Fox, N. A., Smyke, A. T., Marshall, P., Parker, S. W., & Koga, S. (January 01, 2003). Designing research to study the effects of institutionalization on brain and behavioral development: the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 4, 885-907.
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Boyes, Mark, Cluver, L., & Gardner, F. (2012). Psychometric Properties of the Child PTSD Checklist in a Community Sample of South African Children and Adolescents. Curtin University of Technology, Curtin University.
Whetten, Rachel, Messer, Lynne, Ostermann, Jan, Whetten, Kathryn, Pence, Brian Wells, Buckner, Megan, Thielman, Nathan, … O’Donnell, Karen. (2011). Child work and labour among orphaned and abandoned children in five low and middle income countries. BioMed Central.
Messer, L. C., Pence, B. W., Whetten, K., Whetten, R., Thielman, N., O’Donnell, K., & Ostermann, J. (January 01, 2010). Prevalence and predictors of HIV-related stigma among institutional- and community-based caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children living in five less-wealthy countries. Bmc Public Health, 10.
Whetten, Kathryn, Ostermann, Jan, Whetten, Rachel A., Pence, Brian W., O’Donnell, Karen, Messer, Lynne C., & Thielman, Nathan M. (2009). A Comparison of the Wellbeing of Orphans and Abandoned Children Ages 6–12 in Institutional and Community-Based Care Settings in 5 Less Wealthy Nations. Public Library of Science.
Hermenau, K., Hecker, T., Ruf, M., Elbert, T., Schauer, M., & Schauer, E. (September 25, 2011). Childhood adversity, mental ill-health and aggressive behavior in an African orphanage: Changes in response to trauma-focused therapy and the implementation of a new instructional system. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 5.
Whetten, K., Ostermann, J., Whetten, R., O’Donnell, K., & Thielman, N. (April 01, 2011). More than the loss of a parent: Potentially traumatic events among orphaned and abandoned children. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24, 2, 174-182.
Betancourt, T. S., Salhi, C., Buka, S., Leaning, J., Dunn, G., & Earls, F. (January 01, 2012). Connectedness, social support and internalising emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents displaced by the Chechen conflict. Disasters, 36, 4, 635-55.
Murray, L. K., Bass, J., Chomba, E., Imasiku, M., Thea, D., Semrau, K., Cohen, J. A., … Bolton, P. (January 01, 2011). Validation of the UCLA Child Post traumatic stress disorder-reaction index in Zambia. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 5, 1.
Cluver, L., Fincham, D. S., & Seedat, S. (January 01, 2009). Posttraumatic stress in AIDS-orphaned children exposed to high levels of trauma: the protective role of perceived social support. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22, 2, 106-12.
Zhao, Q., Li, X., Lin, X., Fang, X., Zhao, G., & Zhao, J. (January 01, 2009). Knowing kids dying of HIV: a traumatic event for AIDS orphans. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in Aids Care : Janac, 20, 4.
Glewwe, P., & King, E. M. (September 01, 2001). The Impact of Early Childhood Nutritional Status on Cognitive Development: Does the Timing of Malnutrition Matter?.World Bank Economic Review, 15, 1, 81-113.
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Bauman, L. J., Silver, E. J., Draimin, B. H., & Hudis, J. (January 01, 2007). Children of mothers with HIV/AIDS: unmet needs for mental health services. Pediatrics, 120, 5, 1141-7.
Boris, N. W., Brown, L. A., Thurman, T. R., Rice, J. C., Snider, L. M., Ntaganira, J., & Nyirazinyoye, L. N. (January 01, 2008). Depressive symptoms in youth heads of household in Rwanda: correlates and implications for intervention. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162, 9, 836-43.
Killian, B., & Durrheim, K. (December 08, 2008). Psychological distress in orphan,vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children in high prevalence HIV/AIDS communities. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 18, 3, 421-430.
Jepkemboi, G. (2007). The educational and psychological experiences of children orphaned by AIDS in western Kenya. Birmingham, Ala: University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Zhao, Q., Li, X., Fang, X., Zhao, G., Zhao, J., Lin, X., & Stanton, B. (January 01, 2010). Difference in psychosocial well-being between paternal and maternal AIDS orphans in rural China. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in Aids Care : Janac, 21, 4.
Murray, L. K., Haworth, A., Semrau, K., Singh, M., Aldrovandi, G. M., Sinkala, M., Thea, D. M., … Bolton, P. A. (January 01, 2006). Violence and abuse among HIV-infected women and their children in Zambia: a qualitative study. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 8, 610-5.
Murray, L. K., Cohen, J. A., Ellis, B. H., & Mannarino, A. (January 01, 2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy for symptoms of trauma and traumatic grief in refugee youth. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17, 3, 585-604.
Cluver, L. D., Gardner, F., & Operario, D. (January 01, 2008). Effects of stigma on the mental health of adolescents orphaned by AIDS. The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 42, 4, 410-7.
Cluver, L., Gardner, F., & Operario, D. (August 01, 2007). Psychological distress amongst AIDS-orphaned children in urban South Africa. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 8, 755-763.
Atwine, Benjamin, Cantor-Graae, Elizabeth, & Bajunirwe, Francis. (2005). Psychological distress among AIDS orphans in rural Uganda. Elsevier.

Psychological Effects of Orphanhood

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